• Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released fro

  2024-08-12

  

  Adenosine is a ubiquitous homeostatic substance released from most cells, including neurons and glias. Endogenous adenosine acts at four principal G-protein-associated receptor subtypes: A1, A2a, A2b and A3 (Ralevic and Burnstock, 1998). The stimulation of adenosine receptors by extracellular adenos

• Since the introduction of zebrafish into the laboratory many

  2024-08-12

  

  Since the introduction of zebrafish into the laboratory, many milestones have been achieved that firmly establish this organism as a prominent genetic model for biology and medicine. Many features make this species an organism of easy maintenance in laboratory which provides advantages to understand

• It is interesting that Li et al reported

  2024-08-12

  

  It is interesting that Li et al. (2008) reported that AChR-immunized FcγRIIB knock out (KO) mice are significantly resistant to antibody-mediated EAMG. This is in contrast with previous studies, but does not contradict the results presented here. Despite their observation that the incidence and seve

• By performing knockdown of AXL

  2024-08-12

  

  By performing knockdown of AXL once HER2+ cancer RHPS4 australia have achieved lung colonization, we demonstrated that AXL contributes to the establishment of macrometastases. While inhibition of AXL impairs the efficiency of metastasis, the later finding has major clinical implications since pharm

• br Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have

  2024-08-12

  

  Research perspective In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that increased LPA/ATX signaling contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Recent findings on the role of non-tumoral ATX in cancer progression and metastasis highlighted a new functional contribution for the microenviron

• br Results br Discussion Both ATM and ATR are

  2024-08-09

  

  Results Discussion Both ATM and ATR are key regulators of the cellular response to DSBs, yet how exactly they function in concert is not well understood. Recent studies revealed that ATM is required for the resection of DSBs (Jazayeri et al., 2006, Myers and Cortez, 2006), a process necessary

• These recommendations may be useful for the future

  2024-08-09

  

  These recommendations may be useful for the future to avoid misleading reports and pairings. However, the existing literature can also hold back current research on some given orphans. Before entering into drug development or further physiological conceptual framework, these pairings should be thoro

• Because ASK signaling in microglia and astrocytes

  2024-08-09

  

  Because ASK1 signaling in microglia and astrocytes is important during EAE, we hypothesized that a combination therapy that targets T cells along with microglia and astrocytes would further ameliorate the severity of EAE. We tested this hypothesis by applying valproic PQ 401 (VPA)—a short-chain fat

• br ASK in Huntington s disease

  2024-08-09

  

  ASK1 in Huntington's disease and other polyglutamine diseases The polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases are a group of inherited neurodegenerative disorders caused by the expansion of cytosine-adenine-guanine (CAG) trinucleotide repeats in the coding regions of specific genes, leading to the production

• MMP is the most critical

  2024-08-09

  

  MMP9 is the most critical protease which is involved in the degradation of ECM. TIMP-1 is an important regulator in the synthesis and degradation of ECM [8,9]. Hepatic TIMP-1 expression significantly increases in patients with liver fibrosis [10]. Serum level of TIMP-1 expression is positively assoc

• br Introduction Increased renin angiotensin system

  2024-08-09

  

  Introduction Increased renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activity and inflammation in cardiovascular-related regions of the central nervous system contribute to the overactivity of neurohumoral systems that promote volume retention, cardiac remodeling and serious cardiac arrhythmias in systolic hear

• Recently two distinct small molecule inhibitors of PHGDH wer

  2024-08-09

  

  Recently, two distinct small-molecule inhibitors of PHGDH were identified using high-throughput screens, both of which inhibit de novo serine biosynthesis and show selective toxicity to cancer Neuromedin B with high SSP flux [50,51]. The inhibitor NCT-503, which has an IC50 of 2.5μM, reduces the gr

• br Discussion To our knowledge this is

  2024-08-09

  

  Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first case report that demonstrates the presence of a novel T1151K ALK mutation in a patient with disease progression after crizotinib and then ceritinib. As early as 2011, Zhang et al. identified T1151K among other resistance mutations to crizotinib in Ba

• br Theoretical mechanism of ABCA activity in

  2024-08-09

  

  Theoretical mechanism of ABCA2 activity in LE/LY in modulation of cholesterol trafficking It is important to confirm that ABCA2 is a lipid transporter and identify the substrates that are mechanistic in its cholesterol sequestering activity. We hypothesize that ABCA2 modulates cholesterol sequest

• In particular we focused our attention on beta adrenergic re

  2024-08-09

  

  In particular, we focused our attention on beta2 adrenergic receptors, since their commercial inhibitors are effective in lowering IOP, the primary indication of glaucoma. The hypotensive action of a commercial sequence of beta2 adrenergic receptor siRNA was tested in rabbits. The results confirmed

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