• Introduction The cytoskeleton allows cells to establish main

  2024-09-21

  

  Introduction The cytoskeleton allows cells to establish, maintain and transform their shape. In neurons, these include cell differentiation, migration, polarization and development of their unique arborization. Axons are very thin (~1 μm), long (up to 1m) and highly branched (>95% of the plasma mem

• Our initial approach to identify hits was two pronged and

  2024-09-21

  

  Our initial approach to identify hits was two-pronged and included a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign of the OSI LY2603618 library as well as a virtual screening (VS) campaign, utilizing a publically available crystal structure of ACK1 (PDB code: ). A tolerance for protein flexibility was i

• br Acknowledgement br Introduction There has

  2024-09-21

  

  Acknowledgement Introduction There has been great progress in the treatment of autoimmune disease during the past several decades. However, the majority of autoimmune diseases have no known cure. B lymphocytes and autoantibodies play important roles in many autoimmune diseases, including rheum

• br Materials and methods br Results br

  2024-09-21

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion Author contributions JH purified protein, performed vanadate inhibition experiments, crystallized, collected data, determined and refined the ATX-VO5 structure, analysed all the structures, prepared the displayed items and supervised ALHE; WJK co

• Azithromycin br Introduction In addition to ATP production

  2024-09-20

  

  Introduction In addition to ATP production, an important role of mitochondria in the pancreatic beta cell is anaplerosis, which is the net synthesis of citric Azithromycin cycle intermediates that are exported to the cytosol where they are converted to numerous other metabolites that stimulate a

• There are profound differences between acute and chronic

  2024-09-20

  

  There are profound differences between acute and chronic pain when dramatic changes occur in peripheral nociceptors and central nociceptive pathways and the pain system is sensitised thereby leading to exaggerated responses to noxious stimuli (hyperalgesia) and responses to non-noxious stimuli (allo

• br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion Although

  2024-09-20

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Although previous studies have indicated that astrocyte aromatase plays a role in nociceptive processes (O'Brien et al., 2015, Smeester et al., 2016), the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of aromatase and its involvement in nociception rem

• br Obstructing SNARE zippering Sharma et al demonstrated for

  2024-09-20

  

  Obstructing SNARE “zippering” Sharma et al. demonstrated for the first time that in the postmortem AD brains, the level of SNARE complex formation, which is necessary for driving synaptic vesicle fusion at the presynaptic active zone, is significantly reduced [123]. In the absence of changes in e

• Sixth significant progress has been made during the last few

  2024-09-20

  

  Sixth, significant progress has been made during the last few years regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying the activation of AMPK and this should aid to develop more potent and specific compounds. Information from crystallographic structures combined with computer-based drug design hold promi

• br Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays an

  2024-09-20

  

  Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays an exclusive role in regulation of glucose metabolism, and obesity and type 2 diabetes induce hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance. Plasma BCAA concentrations are increased by 14–20% in patients with hyperinsulinemia under overnight fasti

• Corticosterone induced inhibition of OCT mediated transport

  2024-09-20

  

  Corticosterone-induced inhibition of OCT-mediated transport is rapid and appears to involve direct interaction of the steroid with the transporter at a specific site. Volk et al. (2003) studied OCT2-mediated transport by measuring substrate-induced currents using patch clamp of Xenopus oocytes exoge

• APPL is highly expressed in pancreatic

  2024-09-20

  

  APPL1 is highly expressed in pancreatic β cells, but its levels are significantly decreased in several mouse models of obesity and diabetes, including HFD-induced obese mice and db/db mice [6], [73], suggesting that the dysregulation of APPL1 may be associated with malfunction of the pancreas in obe

• trifluoperazine ACh induced changes in respiratory

  2024-09-19

  

  ACh-induced changes in respiratory frequency could be of interest. They may reveal an important mechanism of respiratory modulation at the caudal NTS level. ACh-induced increases in respiratory frequency within this region have been also reported by Furuya et al. (2014). Changes in respiratory timin

• br Conclusion The HT receptor family is complex and

  2024-09-19

  

  Conclusion The 5-HT receptor family is complex, and one may ask as does Bryan Roth et al. [205] whether this is useless serine protease inhibitors (i.e. too much redundancy) or an embarrassment of the riches (i.e. many potential targets to choose from to affect normal or pathological function);

• The role of DHT in early teleost embryogenesis

  2024-09-19

  

  The role of DHT in early teleost embryogenesis is not entirely clear or established, however additional studies that treat fish embryos to DHT or to specific srd5a inhibitors at critical stages of development (i.e. prior to sex differentiation) will shed light on the early functions of this androgen

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